PDFF | Calimetrix, LLC

PDFF Phantoms

Calimetrix PDFF (Proton-Density Fat-Fraction) Phantoms are designed for testing and quality control of magnetic resonance (MR)-based fat quantification.

Housing-Based Phantoms: Optimal image quality for independent reference standard scans.
Phantom Pack: Reference standard for quality assurance embedded in every patient scan.

6 Vials: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 100% PDFF

12 Vials: 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, and 100% PDFF

18 Vials: 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95,100% PDFF

5 Vials: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40% PDFF. Shown with optional accessory pad

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Clinical Relevance of PDFF Quantification

MRI-based triglyceride metrics can be useful for diagnosis, quantitative grading, and treatment monitoring of metabolic dysfunction–associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and other diseases. However, such quantitative metrics must be both accurate and reproducible. Our Model 300, Model 600, and Phantom Pack products focus on the 0-50% PDFF range that is relevant for MASLD. Our Model 825 product includes PDFF values that sample the complete range from 0-100% PDFF. This is relevant for the following tissues:

Fatty Liver Disease: 0-50% PDFF
Fatty Infiltration of Muscle: 0-15% PDFF
White Adipose Tissue (e.g. Subcutaneous Fat): 75-100% PDFF
Brown Adipose Tissue: 20-85% PDFF
Red Bone Marrow: 20-70% PDFF

Relevant Publications

Hu, H.H., Chen, H.SM. & Hernando, D. Linearity and bias of proton density fat fraction across the full dynamic range of 0–100%: a multiplatform, multivendor phantom study using 1.5T and 3T MRI at two sites. Magn Reson Mater Phy (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-024-01148-9
Stelter, J.K., Boehm, C., Ruschke, S., Weiss, K., Diefenbach, M.N., Wu, M., Borde, T., Schmidt, G.P., Makowski, M.R., Fallenberg, E.M., Karampinos, D.C., Hierarchical multi-resolution graph-cuts for water–fat–silicone separation in breast MRI. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 11, 3253–3265. (2022)
Navaratna R, Zhao R, …, Brittain JH, Hernando D, Reeder SB. Temperature-corrected proton density fat fraction estimation using chemical shift-encoded MRI in phantoms. Magn Reson Med. 2021 Feb 9. doi: 10.1002/mrm.28669.
Hu H, Yokoo T, …, Hernando D,…, Brittain JH,…, Reeder SB. Linearity and Bias of Proton Density Fat Fraction as a Quantitative Imaging Biomarker: A Multicenter, Multiplatform, Multivendor Phantom Study. Radiology. Jan 19 2021. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2021202912
Dyke JP. Quantitative MRI Proton Density Fat Fraction: A Coming of Age. Editorial. Jan 19 2021. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020204356
Zhao R, Hamilton G, Brittain JH, Reeder SB, Hernando D. Design and evaluation of quantitative MRI phantoms to mimic the simultaneous presence of fat, iron, and fibrosis in the liver. Magn Reson Med. 2021 Feb;85(2):734-747. doi: 10.1002/mrm.28452. Epub 2020 Aug 12. PMID: 32783200
Hong CW, …, Reeder SB, et al. MRI proton density fat fraction is robust across the biologically plausible range of triglyceride spectra in adults with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2018 Apr;47(4):995-1002. doi: 10.1002/jmri.25845.Epub 2017 Aug 29.
Hernando, D., Sharma SD, … Reeder, S. B. (2016), Multisite, multivendor validation of the accuracy and reproducibility of proton-density fat-fraction quantification at 1.5T and 3T using a fat–water phantom. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, doi:10.1002/mrm.26228
Luker, G. D., Nguyen, H., Hoff, B. A., Galbán, C. J., Hernando, D., et al. (2016). A Pilot Study of Quantitative MRI Parametric Response Mapping of Bone Marrow Fat for Treatment Assessment in Myelofibrosis. Tomography : A Journal for Imaging Research, 2(1), 67–78. http://doi.org/10.18383/j.tom.2016.00115
Wang X, Hernando D, Reeder SB. Sensitivity of chemical shift-encoded fat quantification to calibration of fat MR spectrum. Magn Reson Med. 2016 Feb;75(2):845-51. doi: 10.1002/mrm.25681. Epub 2015 Apr 4.
Tang A, Desai A, Hamilton G, Wolfson T, Gamst A, Lam J, Clark L, Hooker J, Chavez T, Ang BD, Middleton MS, Peterson M, Loomba R, Sirlin CB. Accuracy of MR imaging-estimated proton density fat fraction for classification of dichotomized histologic steatosis grades in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Radiology. 2015 Feb;274(2):416-25. doi: 10.1148/radiol.14140754. Epub 2014 Sep 22. PMID: 25247408; PMCID: PMC4314291.
Reeder SB, Hu HH, Sirlin CB. Proton density fat-fraction: a standardized MR-based biomarker of tissue fat concentration. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012 Nov;36(5):1011-4. doi: 10.1002/jmri.23741. Epub 2012 Jul 6. PMID: 22777847; PMCID: PMC4779595.
Reeder SB, et al. Quantitative Assessment of Liver Fat with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2011 Oct;34(4):729-749. doi: 10.1002/jmri.22775.
Reeder SB, Hines CD, Yu H, McKenzie CS, Brittain JH. On the Definition of Fat-Fraction for In Vivo Fat Quantification with Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Proc. Intl. Soc. Mag. Reson. Med. 17 (2009).